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The Microsoft™ .NET Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) which defines all the core operating principles behind how the CLR works was published by Microsoft™ as a standard to the ECMA International standards body in December of 2002. Along with this standard, Microsoft™ submitted a standard for C# as a language to accompany the CLI. Later, both standards were later adopted by the International Standards Organization (ISO) as ISO 23270 - C# Language Specification and ISO 23271 - Common Language Infrastructure.
Microsoft™ officially supports .NET on Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows 2003 Server. Since .NET is an open standard, there have been several 3rd party implementations on other platforms such as Microsoft™'s own Shared Source CLI implementation for Windows and FreeBSD (which has been adapted for other platforms including Linux).
There have been several open source implementations of the CLI and C# standards, most notable are the Mono Project by Ximian and Novell and the DotGNU/Portable.NET Project by the GNU Project/Free Software Foundation.
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